CSS 外边距折叠问题
在学习 CSS 练习元素浮动的时候,我发现了一个奇怪的现象,就是上下两个块元素似乎距离太近了,无论我怎么增加上下 margins,始终都不会按照我预期的那样显示。
查阅了一些资料发现这是一个 CSS 的特定,叫 外边距折叠
,在CSS中,两个或多个相邻的普通流中的盒子(可能是父子元素,也可能是兄弟元素)在垂直方向上的外边距会发生叠加,这种形成的外边距称之为外边距叠加。
W3C 对于外边距叠加的定义:
In CSS, the adjoining margins of two or more boxes (which might or might not be siblings) can combine to form a single margin. Margins that combine this way are said to collapse, and the resulting combined margin is called a collapsed margin.
在 W3C 中,对相邻也有定义:
Two margins are adjoining if and only if:
both belong to in-flow block-level boxes that participate in the same block formatting context
no line boxes, no clearance, no padding and no border separate them
both belong to vertically-adjacent box edges, i.e. form one of the following pairs:
- top margin of a box and top margin of its first in-flow child
- bottom margin of box and top margin of its next in-flow following sibling
- bottom margin of a last in-flow child and bottom margin of its parent if the > parent has “auto” computed height
- top and bottom margins of a box that does not establish a new block formatting context and that has zero computed “min-height”, zero or “auto” computed “height”, and no in-flow children
翻译:
两个边距相邻当且仅当:
都属于普通流的块级盒子且参与到相同的块级格式上下文中
没有被padding、border、clear和line box分隔开
都属于垂直相邻盒子边缘:
- 盒子的top margin和它第一个普通流子元素的top margin
- 盒子的bottom margin和它下一个普通流兄弟的top margin
- 盒子的bottom margin和它父元素的bottom margin
- 盒子的top margin和bottom margin,且没有创建一个新的块级格式上下文,且有被计算为0的min-height,被计算为0或auto的height,且没有普通流子元素
下面来写一个小例子:
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显示效果如下:
可以看到,上一个元素的范围已经到了下一个元素的顶部,而下一个元素的上外边缘,已经被折叠在了一起。
这样的话我们就无法按照期望去布局了,那么有什么办法可以解决吗?
既然外边距的折叠是有条件的,只要想办法破坏条件,就可以避免这个问题了。
而且 W3C 也给出了解决办法:
- Margins between a floated box and any other box do not collapse (not even between a float and its in-flow children).
- Margins of elements that establish new block formatting contexts (such as floats and elements with “overflow” other than “visible”) do not collapse with their in-flow children.
- Margins of absolutely positioned boxes do not collapse (not even with their in-flow children).
- Margins of inline-block boxes do not collapse (not even with their in-flow children).
- The bottom margin of an in-flow block-level element always collapses with the top margin of its next in-flow block-level sibling, unless that sibling has clearance.
- The top margin of an in-flow block element collapses with its first in-flow block-level child”s top margin if the element has no top border, no top padding, and the child has no clearance.
- The bottom margin of an in-flow block box with a “height” of “auto” and a “min-height” of zero collapses with its last in-flow block-level child”s bottom margin if the box has no bottom padding and no bottom border and the child”s bottom margin does not collapse with a top margin that has clearance.
- A box”s own margins collapse if the “min-height” property is zero, and it has neither top or bottom borders nor top or bottom padding, and it has a “height” of either 0 or “auto”, and it does not contain a line box, and all of its in-flow children”s margins (if any) collapse.
翻译下就是:
- 浮动元素不会与任何元素发生叠加,也包括它的子元素
- 创建了 BFC 的元素不会和它的子元素发生外边距叠加
- 绝对定位元素和其他任何元素之间不发生外边距叠加,也包括它的子元素
- inline-block 元素和其他任何元素之间不发生外边距叠加,也包括它的子元素
- 普通流中的块级元素的 margin-bottom 永远和它相邻的下一个块级元素的 margin-top 叠加,除非相邻的兄弟元素 clear
- 普通流中的块级元素(没有 border-top、没有 padding-top)的 margin-top 和它的第一个普通流中的子元素(没有clear)发生 margin-top 叠加
- 普通流中的块级元素(height为 auto、min-height为0、没有 border-bottom、没有 padding-bottom)和它的最后一个普通流中的子元素(没有自身发生margin叠加或clear)发生 margin-bottom叠加
- 如果一个元素的 min-height 为0、没有 border、没有padding、高度为0或者auto、不包含子元素,那么它自身的外边距会发生叠加
还好以前写了一个浮动的笔记,可以拿来用。
跳转查看 CSS浮动笔记